语法

SQLite 是遵循一套独特的称为语法的规则和准则。本教程列出了所有基本的 SQLite 语法，向您提供了一个 SQLite 快速入门。

有个重要的点值得注意，SQLite 是不区分大小写的，但也有一些命令是大小写敏感的，比如 GLOB 和 glob 在 SQLite 的语句中有不同的含义。

SQLite 注释是附加的注释，可以在 SQLite 代码中添加注释以增加其可读性，他们可以出现在任何空白处，包括在表达式内和其他 SQL 语句的中间，但它们不能嵌套。

SQL 注释以两个连续的 "-" 字符（ASCII 0x2d）开始，并扩展至下一个换行符（ASCII 0x0a）或直到输入结束，以先到者为准。

您也可以使用 C 风格的注释，以 "/*" 开始，并扩展至下一个 "*/" 字符对或直到输入结束，以先到者为准。SQLite的注释可以跨越多行。

sqlite>.help -- 这是一个简单的注释

所有的 SQLite 语句可以以任何关键字开始，如 SELECT、INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE、ALTER、DROP 等，所有的语句以分号 ; 结束。

SQLite ANALYZE 语句

ANALYZE;
or
ANALYZE database_name;
or
ANALYZE database_name.table_name;

SQLite AND/OR 子句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONDITION-1 {AND|OR} CONDITION-2;

SQLite ALTER TABLE 语句

ALTER TABLE table_name ADD COLUMN column_def...;

SQLite ALTER TABLE 语句（Rename）

ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME TO new_table_name;

SQLite ATTACH DATABASE 语句

ATTACH DATABASE 'DatabaseName' As 'Alias-Name';

SQLite BEGIN TRANSACTION 语句

BEGIN;
or
BEGIN EXCLUSIVE TRANSACTION;

SQLite BETWEEN 子句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  column_name BETWEEN val-1 AND val-2;

表示大于等于 val-1 小于等于 val-2

SQLite COMMIT 语句

COMMIT;

SQLite CREATE INDEX 语句

CREATE INDEX index_name
ON table_name ( column_name COLLATE NOCASE );

SQLite CREATE UNIQUE INDEX 语句

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name
ON table_name ( column1, column2,...columnN);

SQLite CREATE TABLE 语句

CREATE TABLE table_name(
   column1 datatype,
   column2 datatype,
   column3 datatype,
   .....
   columnN datatype,
   PRIMARY KEY( one or more columns )
);

SQLite CREATE TRIGGER 语句

CREATE TRIGGER database_name.trigger_name 
BEFORE INSERT ON table_name FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN 
   stmt1; 
   stmt2;
   ....
END;

SQLite CREATE VIEW 语句

CREATE VIEW database_name.view_name  AS
SELECT statement....;

SQLite CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE 语句

CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE database_name.table_name USING weblog( access.log );
or
CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE database_name.table_name USING fts3( );

SQLite COMMIT TRANSACTION 语句

COMMIT;

SQLite COUNT 子句

SELECT COUNT(column_name)
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONDITION;

SQLite DELETE 语句

DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE  {CONDITION};

SQLite DETACH DATABASE 语句

DETACH DATABASE 'Alias-Name';

SQLite DISTINCT 子句

SELECT DISTINCT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name;

SQLite DROP INDEX 语句

DROP INDEX database_name.index_name;

SQLite DROP TABLE 语句

DROP TABLE database_name.table_name;

SQLite DROP VIEW 语句

DROP VIEW view_name;

SQLite DROP TRIGGER 语句

DROP TRIGGER trigger_name

SQLite EXISTS 子句

如果主查询的记录数大于子查询的记录数，用 in 效率高。
如果主查询的记录数小于子查询的记录数，用 exists 效率高。

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  column_name EXISTS (SELECT * FROM   table_name );

SQLite EXPLAIN 语句

EXPLAIN INSERT statement...;
or 
EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN SELECT statement...;

SQLite GLOB 子句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  column_name GLOB { PATTERN };

SQLite GROUP BY 子句

SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONDITION
GROUP BY column_name;

SQLite HAVING 子句

SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONDITION
GROUP BY column_name
HAVING (arithematic function condition);

SQLite INSERT INTO 语句

INSERT INTO table_name( column1, column2....columnN)
VALUES ( value1, value2....valueN);

SQLite IN 子句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  column_name IN (val-1, val-2,...val-N);

SQLite Like 子句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  column_name LIKE { PATTERN };

SQLite NOT IN 子句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  column_name NOT IN (val-1, val-2,...val-N);

SQLite ORDER BY 子句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONDITION
ORDER BY column_name {ASC|DESC};

SQLite PRAGMA 语句

PRAGMA pragma_name;

For example:

PRAGMA page_size;
PRAGMA cache_size = 1024;
PRAGMA table_info(table_name);

SQLite RELEASE SAVEPOINT 语句

RELEASE savepoint_name;

SQLite REINDEX 语句

REINDEX collation_name;
REINDEX database_name.index_name;
REINDEX database_name.table_name;

SQLite ROLLBACK 语句

ROLLBACK;
or
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;

SQLite SAVEPOINT 语句

SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;

SQLite SELECT 语句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name;

SQLite UPDATE 语句

UPDATE table_name
SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2....columnN=valueN
[ WHERE  CONDITION ];

SQLite VACUUM 语句

VACUUM;

SQLite WHERE 子句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONDITION;

SQLite 没有 ANY 和 ALL

ANY：任一，ALL：所有